منابع مشابه
Giving is self-rewarding for monkeys.
Helping and sharing among humans is often motivated by empathy and accompanied by a sense of satisfaction. To determine whether similar self-rewarding mechanisms may underpin assistance among nonhuman primates, eight female brown capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella) underwent testing in a simple choice paradigm. Paired with a partner, subjects could select either a "selfish" option that rewarded onl...
متن کاملRewarding Results or Rewarding Efforts?
Abstract The main objective of teaching is to make sure that the students learn the required material. From this viewpoint, it seems reasonable to reward students when they learn this material. In other words, it seems reasonable to assign the student’s rewards (such as grades) based on their level of knowledge. However, experiments show that, contrary to this seemingly intuitive conclusion, we...
متن کاملEthanol itself is a holoprosencephaly-inducing teratogen
Ethanol is a teratogen, inducing a variety of structural defects in developing humans and animals that are exposed in utero. Mechanisms of ethanol teratogenicity in specific defects are not well understood. Oxidative metabolism of ethanol by alcohol dehydrogenase or cytochrome P450 2E1 has been implicated in some of ethanol's teratogenic effects, either via production of acetaldehyde or competi...
متن کاملRewarding Behaviors
Markov decision processes (MDPs) are a very popular tool for decision theoretic planning (DTP), partly because of the welldeveloped, expressive theory that includes effective solution techniques. But the Markov assumption—that dynamics and rewards depend on the current state only, and not on history— is often inappropriate. This is especially true of rewards: we frequently wish to associate rew...
متن کاملDisclosing information about the self is intrinsically rewarding.
Humans devote 30-40% of speech output solely to informing others of their own subjective experiences. What drives this propensity for disclosure? Here, we test recent theories that individuals place high subjective value on opportunities to communicate their thoughts and feelings to others and that doing so engages neural and cognitive mechanisms associated with reward. Five studies provided su...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Economica
سال: 2007
ISSN: 0013-0427,1468-0335
DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-0335.2007.00597.x